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I personally don't have a HP-42S (more than U$300 on ebay). I have a HP-33S and had a HP-48G, but my brother has one and I also use Free42 simulator for PalmOS. This manual can interest people who: a) Have a HP-42S calculator and lost its manual. b) Got the Free42 simulator and want to know how to use. c) Have a palmtop with PalmOS and want a nice scientific calculator (get Free42) d) Just want to have an idea how 42S was. e) Have the official manual but don't want to read more than 300 pages! Why HP-42S? Because it was a very, very nice calculator and also a powerful one. I know some other HP models from the past and the present like 48G, 49G, 28S, 33S, 20S, 6S Solar, 15C, and even a TI-36X Solar, etc, but 42S is my favorite. And because there is a free simulator (Free42) that works on Palm OS, Windows and Linux and there are also some emulators (at the moment emulators are only useful for who has a real calculator since HP-42S roms are not freely available). This calculator played an unique position among HP calculators! Being a scientific programmable 100% RPN calculator, it also had some graphing abilities but was pocketed sized and non RPL (some people as me like RPN, but dislike RPL). It is important to say that this manual is not complete and I don't want it to be. Two things I really don't want to see here are PRINTING and HP-41 compatibility. This because I suppose most owners don't have the printer (and it is not so useful) and also haven't had a HP-41 prior to HP-42S. If you want to download the fantastic Thomas Okken Free42 program please go to this web site In my opinion Free42 is even better than the real HP-42S. Try asin(acos(atan(tan(cos(sin(6°)))))). For more information about HP-42S please see Here you can find emulators for HP-42S (very nice) I would like to finish this introduction saying that would be nice to have HP-42S back to life again and even better to have a model (both real and in simulator/emulator form) based on HP-42S but with some of the 33S features like more memory and equation editor, fractions, program lines starting with letters, physical constants, units conversion, less useless functions, etc. And also would be nice to have HP-42S roms for free just like what happened to HP-48G and other models and keeping PDF versions of the manuals of retired models to download would be nice too. Perhaps someone listen to me! :) 2 Basic Operations 2.1 RPN HP-42S as most old HP calculators was a RPN calculator. RPN comes from “Reverse Polish Notation”. In RPN we first enter data and then we enter the mathematical operations. Example: To make a simple operation like 2+2 in a normal algebraic calculator we do 2 + 2 = which give to us 4. To make this using a RPN calculator we do 2 ENTER 2 + As we can see in RPN mode we first enter the data pressing the ENTER key after every data (except for the last in HP's RPN) and then we enter the operations. Lets now consider the following calculation 4+(2x79). In a RPN calculator we do 2 ENTER 79 x 4 + But how one could do this in an algebraic calculator? If the calculator has the ( and ) sings it is just do 4 + ( 2 x 79 ) = But if there are no () we do this in a good calculator by doing 4 + 2 x 79 = By a good calculator we mean a calculator which knows that x and / are prior to + and -. In a bad algebraic calculator which does not know this we have to do 2 x 79 = and 4 + = or 2 x 79 + 4 = What about calculate sin(33)? In a RPN calculator it is just do 33 sin or if you prefer 33 ENTER sin (in this case we don't need to press enter key) But in an algebraic calculator we have two ways. In the classic old models it is like RPN and we do 33 sin but in some modern models (which typically allow you to edit entered data using cursors) we do sin 33 = So algebraic calculators are ambiguous because the many ways they work. RPN calculators are more standard and so less ambiguous. The main key to understand how to use RPN in more complex calculus is to realize that in RPN we make calculations from “inside” to “outside” instead of from left to right. Example: 8 x ln[5+sin(40)] in RPN is doing by 40 sin 5 + ln 8 x In RPN we can make any calculation we do in algebraic devices and this is not only more elegant but also more effective since there are less ambiguity's and we use less key strokes. For example, my HP-33S, which is both algebraic and RPN, is always in RPN mode. (Just to insert equations I think algebraic mode is better) For more information on RPN, please see 2.2 Turn ON/OFF To turn your HP-42 on press ON. The ON key is the same EXIT key. To turn your HP-42S off press - OFF. OFF is in the same key of EXIT and ON, and by - OFF we mean you have to press the orange key before press the EXIT key which have OFF in orang...