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b. Stack wood loosely to allow air circulation. c. Store wood where it will not be excessively exposed to weather, such as under a tarp or under a roof. d. Do not stack wood directly against the walls of your home. 8. Be a knowledgeable wood buyer. There is a difference in cord sizes. A standard cord stack of logs is 4 ft. high by 8 ft. long by 4 ft. deep or the equivalent of this cubic footage, (Figure 1). 8' Standard Cord of Wood 4' 4' Figure 1 A face cord is the same height and length as a standard cord but the depth is only the length of the logs (12, 18 or 24 inches). A face cord can contain as little as 25% of the wood found in a standard cord. If you buy by the ton, remember that wood becomes lighter as it dries. When buying green or wet wood, ask for some extra poundage to allow for the extra water you will be getting. 9. When comparing woods of the same moisture content and same species, we find most woods have approximately the same heating potential per pound. However, most wood is sold by volume, not by weight. To determine the best heating source, look at the density of various wood types. (Density is the weight for a given size). The higher the density, the more potential heat output. A standard cord has a volume of 128 cubic feet. This figure also includes the air space between and around the wood. The actual volume in a standard cord is between 60 and 100 cubic feet; depending on how tightly the wood is packed. Assuming that you are comparing two standard cords of different species but the same volume and moisture content, the denser species will provide more BTU’s. The table of wood species/ densities reveals more helpful guidelines. A standard cord has a volume of 128 cubic feet. This figure also includes the air space between and around the wood. The actual volume in a standard cord is between 60 and 100 cubic feet; depending on how tightly the wood is packed. Assuming that you are comparing two standard cords of different species but the same volume and moisture content, the denser species will provide more BTU’s. The table of wood species/ densities reveals more helpful guidelines. DENSITY Alser, Red .41 Ash .49-.60 Aspen .38-.39 Basswood, American .37 Beech, American .64 Birch .55-.65 Butternut .38 Cherry, Black .50 Chestnut, American .43 Cottonwood .34-.40 Elm .60.63 Hackberry .53 Hickory, Pecan .60.66 Hickory, True .69-.75 Honey locust .66 (est.) Locust, Black .69 Magnolia .48-.50 Maple .48-.63 Oak, Red .59-.67 Oak, White .64-.88 Poplar .42 Sassafras .42 Sweet gum .52 Sycamore, American .49 Tanoak .64 (est.) Tupelo .50 Walnut, Black .55 Willow, Black .39 SOFTWOODS DENSITY Bald cypress .46 Cedar .31-.47 Douglas Fir .46-.50 Fir .32-.43 Hemlock .40-.45 Larch, Western .52 Pine .39-.59 Redwood .35-.40 Spruce .35-.41 Tamarack .53 STARTING A FIRE 1. To start a fire in a the fireplace properly, first check the operation of the flue damper. 2. To prevent smoking at start-up, close any window located near the fireplace when first lighting a fire. The closed windows may be reopened once a chimney draft is drawn in the fireplace. DAMPER CONTROL This fireplace is fitted with a manually controlled chimney damper. The chimney damper should be closed when the fireplace is not in use to prevent cold air from entering the home through the chimney system. The damper is controlled through the use of a control lever located within the firebox opening at the top center just behind the firebox lintel (Figure 2). The control lever snaps into place at the extreme range of motion, up and back in the closed position. When pulled forward and down, the damper is open. Damper Closed DamperOpen Lintel Combustion Air Actuator Figure 2 The appliance flue damper must always remain open when operating. 2. The grate in the firebox should be centered on or over the bottom hearth so your fire can breath properly. Crumble and twist plenty of newspapers UNDER the grate and criss-cross some small dry kindling sticks on top of the paper or on the bottom of the grate. 3. Build a pyramid of three split logs (split will start much faster). Arrange the uneven wood to provide plenty of air space between. 4. Now, light the paper at both sides of t...
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